Cicero (on the Stoics) · 106–43 BCE
On Duties 1.151 — Cicero (on the Stoics)
Translation by Walter Miller (1913)
Cicero (on the Stoics), On Duties 1.151
But the professions in which either a higher degree of intelligence is required or from which no small benefit to society is derived—medicine and architecture, for example, and teaching—these are proper for those whose social position they become. Trade, if it is on a small scale, is to be considered vulgar; but if wholesale and on a large scale, importing large quantities from all parts of the world and distributing to many without misrepresentation, it is not to be greatly disparaged. Nay, it even seems to deserve the highest respect, if those who are engaged in it, satiated, or rather, I should say, satisfied with the fortunes they have made, make their way from the port to a country estate, as they have often made it from the sea into port. But of all the occupations by which gain is secured, none is better than agriculture, none more profitable, none more delightful, none more becoming to a freeman. But since I have discussed this quite fully in, my Cato Major, you will find there the material that applies to this point.
Cite this passage
Cicero (on the Stoics), On Duties 1.151, tr. Walter Miller (1913)
https://whatwouldstoicsdo.com/passage/on-duties/1.151
Cicero, On Duties (De Officiis), tr. Walter Miller (Loeb, 1913). Text: Perseus Digital Library (CC BY-SA 4.0). Sources and licences
In plain English
AI-written notesCareers that demand skill or serve society, such as medicine, architecture and teaching, are honourable, and large-scale trade is acceptable if it is honest, especially when its practitioners know when they have enough. Farming ranks highest as a way to earn a living. These judgements reflect Roman class attitudes.
Older wording
- “freeman”
- — a free citizen, not an enslaved person
- “satiated”
- — fully satisfied, having had enough
Themes and situations
- Wealth and poverty
- Duty and roles
- Simplicity and frugality
- A hard decision
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