Seneca · c. 4 BCE – 65 CE
On Providence 3 ¶3 — Seneca
Translation by Aubrey Stewart (1889)
Seneca, On Providence 3 ¶3
Do you consider Socrates to have been badly used, because he took that draught which the State assigned to him as though it were a charm to make him immortal, and argued about death until death itself? Was he ill treated, because his blood froze and the current of his veins gradually stopped as the chill of death crept over them? How much more is this man to be envied than he who is served on precious stones, whose drink a creature trained to every vice, a eunuch or much the same, cools with snow in a golden cup? Such men as these bring up again all that they drink, in misery and disgust at the taste of their own bile, while Socrates cheerfully and willingly drains his poison. As for Cato, enough has been said, and all men must agree that the highest happiness was reached by one who was chosen by Nature herself as worthy to contend with all her terrors: “The enmity,” says she, “of the powerful is grievous, therefore let him be opposed at once by Pompeius, Caesar, and Crassus: it is grievous, when a candidate for public offices, to be defeated by one’s inferiors; therefore let him be defeated by Vatinius: it is grievous to take part in civil wars, therefore let him fight in every part of the world for the good cause with equal obstinacy and ill-luck: it is grievous to lay hands upon oneself, therefore let him do so. What shall I gain by this? That all men may know that these things, which I have deemed Cato worthy to undergo, are not real evils.”
Cite this passage
Seneca, On Providence 3 ¶3, tr. Aubrey Stewart (1889)
https://whatwouldstoicsdo.com/passage/on-providence/3.3
Seneca, Dialogues, tr. Aubrey Stewart (1887–1889). Text: Standard Ebooks (CC0). Sources and licences
In plain English
AI-written notesSocrates calmly drinking his poison and Cato facing enemies, defeat, civil war and his own death are used to argue that these things are not real evils. They are tests that Nature chose such people to face so that everyone could see what real courage looks like.
Older wording
- “draught”
- — a drink, here the poison
Themes and situations
- Death and mortality
- Courage
- Virtue and character
- Adversity and hardship