Epictetus · c. 50 – c. 135 CE
Discourses 1.14 ¶2 — Epictetus
From “That the Deity Oversees All Things”
Translation by George Long (1877)
Epictetus, Discourses 1.14 ¶2
But I cannot, the man may reply, comprehend all these things at once. But who tells you that you have equal power with Zeus? Nevertheless he has placed by every man a guardian, every man’s Daemon, to whom he has committed the care of the man, a guardian who never sleeps, is never deceived. For to what better and more careful guardian could He have entrusted each of us? When then you have shut the doors and made darkness within, remember never to say that you are alone, for you are not; but God is within, and your Daemon is within, and what need have they of light to see what you are doing? To this God you ought to swear an oath just as the soldiers do to Caesar. But they who are hired for pay swear to regard the safety of Caesar before all things; and you who have received so many and such great favors, will you not swear, or when you have sworn, will you not abide by your oath? And what shall you swear? Never to be disobedient, never to make any charges, never to find fault with anything that he has given, and never unwillingly to do or to suffer anything that is necessary. Is this oath like the soldier’s oath? The soldiers swear not to prefer any man to Caesar: in this oath men swear to honor themselves before all.
Cite this passage
Epictetus, Discourses 1.14 ¶2, tr. George Long (1877)
https://whatwouldstoicsdo.com/passage/discourses/1.14.2
Epictetus, Discourses (as recorded by Arrian), tr. George Long (1877). Text: Standard Ebooks (CC0). Sources and licences
In plain English
AI-written notesYou are never truly alone or unobserved, because a divine guardian and your own reason are with you even behind closed doors in the dark. Treat that as a solemn pledge: do not complain about what you are given, never act unwillingly under what is necessary, and hold yourself accountable before anyone else.
Older wording
- “Daemon”
- — your personal guardian spirit, the divine presence within you
Themes and situations
- Virtue and character
- Solitude and retreat
- Nature and the cosmos
- Duty and roles
- Acceptance and fate
- Loneliness
- An ethical dilemma
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