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What Would Stoics Do

Money, time and the good life

What would the Stoics do about a hard decision?

AI-assisted draft — every quote verified against the source text. How we check quotes

AI-assisted introduction

Some decisions refuse to settle however many lists you make, because each option costs something real and nobody can tell you how either will turn out. The Stoics had no formula for predicting outcomes. What they offered was a way of deciding well without one, and of living with the choice afterwards.

The situation

I’ve been offered a place on a teacher-training course, but taking it means leaving a secure, well-paid job I’ve been in for eight years. I’ve made lists, asked everyone I know and lain awake for weeks, and I still can’t decide. I’m terrified of choosing wrong and spending years regretting it.

Your situation, reframed

AI interpretation

Weeks of indecision are exhausting, and the fear of getting it wrong makes sense when both paths cost something. In Stoic terms, though, you are asking for something no decision can give you: a guarantee about the outcome. The quality of a choice lies in how carefully and honestly you make it, not in how it happens to turn out.

The dichotomy of control

AI interpretation

Yours to act on

  • How honestly you weigh what each option will really ask of you
  • Setting a point at which you stop gathering opinions and decide
  • Committing to the path you choose and doing it well
  • How you treat the choice afterwards, whatever happens

Not yours

  • How either path will actually turn out
  • Changes to the course, the job market or your pay
  • Other people’s views on what you should do
  • Certainty before you act

The Stoics said

Verbatim from the source · full citations

Seneca, On Benefits 4.33

… To this objector we shall answer, that we never should wait for absolute knowledge of the whole case, since the discovery of truth is an arduous task, but should proceed in the direction in which truth appeared to direct us. All our actions proceed in this direction: it is thus that we sow seed, that we sail upon the sea, that we serve in the army, marry, and bring up children. The result of all these actions is uncertain, so we take that course from which we believe that good results may be hoped for. Who can guarantee a harvest to the sower, a harbour to the sailor, victory to the soldier, a modest wife to the husband, dutiful children to the father? …
— Seneca, On Benefits 4.33 · tr. Aubrey Stewart (1887)Read in context →

Epictetus, Enchiridion 29

In every act observe the things which come first, and those which follow it; and so proceed to the act. If you do not, at first you will approach it with alacrity, without having thought of the things which will follow; but afterwards, when certain base (ugly) things have shown themselves, you will be ashamed. A man wishes to conquer at the Olympic games. I also wish indeed, for it is a fine thing. But observe both the things which come first, and the things which follow; and then begin the act. …
— Epictetus, Enchiridion 29 · tr. George Long (1877)Read in context →

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 3.6

… All these things, even though they may seem to adapt themselves to the better things in a small degree, obtain the superiority all at once, and carry us away. But do thou, I say, simply and freely choose the better, and hold to it.—But that which is useful is the better.—Well then, if it is useful to thee as a rational being, keep to it; but if it is only useful to thee as an animal, say so, and maintain thy judgement without arrogance: only take care that thou makest the inquiry by a sure method.
— Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 3.6 · tr. George Long (1862)Read in context →

What this means here

AI interpretation

Seneca, On Benefits 4.33

Seneca is answering an objection about whether to help someone whose character you cannot be sure of, but his reply reaches well beyond that case. Sowing, sailing, marrying and raising children all begin without any guarantee of the result, and waiting for one means never acting at all. Your lists will never produce certainty; they can only show you which way reason points, and that is enough to go on.

Translation note: Bestowing a benefit means doing someone a kindness or favour. Arduous means difficult and laborious.

Epictetus, Enchiridion 29

Epictetus offers a practical method. Before you commit, look squarely at what the path will demand, as an athlete must accept strict training, injuries and possible defeat; then, if you still choose it, go ahead wholeheartedly rather than drifting from one ambition to the next. He is talking about choosing philosophy as a way of life, but the method fits any big commitment. For you, that means picturing the unglamorous parts of both options, the drop in pay, the training year and the classroom on a bad day, as well as the slow cost of staying, and noticing which you would still choose.

Translation note: Alacrity means eagerness. The base (ugly) things are the unpleasant realities that only show themselves once you have started.

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 3.6

Marcus sets himself a test for any choice: does it serve justice, truth, self-control and courage, or is he being pulled by praise, power or pleasure? The test does not tell you which path to take. Either could pass it, and either could fail. It tells you what should not be allowed to decide for you, and it ends with a plain instruction: choose the better, freely, and then hold to it rather than reopening the question every night.

Translation note: Temperance means self-control, and fortitude means courage. The deity planted in you is Marcus’s name for your own reasoning mind.

Taken together, the passages describe a way of deciding without certainty. Count the real costs of each path, as Epictetus urges; accept, with Seneca, that reason can point the way but cannot promise the result; and use Marcus’s test to see which option asks the best of you, rather than which looks safest or most impressive. A choice made like that is a good choice even if things later go wrong, because it was the best you could do with what you knew.

One action for today

AI interpretation

Act with a reserve clause

Set a date, no more than a week away, by which you will decide. Before then, take two sheets of paper, one for each path, and write down what comes first and what follows: the hardest realistic year of each, what it would cost you and what it would ask of your character. On the day, choose the one you would still choose, tell one person, and take a first concrete step, such as accepting the place or declining it. Then add a quiet reservation, if nothing prevents me, and stop reopening the question.

A line to carry

“We proceed in the way in which reason, not absolute truth, directs us.”

— Seneca, On Benefits 4.33

Was this helpful?
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  • Fear of failure

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  • Anxiety about the future

    Lying awake worrying about what might happen? Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus and Seneca on what-ifs and living in the present: verbatim, cited passages.

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